Endocrine Abstracts

Pituitary carcinomas are rare and represent a challenge in clinical practice. Most secondary tumour localizations are intracranial and spinal, followed by liver, cervical lymph node, bone and, rarely, lung. PC frequently exhibit resistance to most usual therapies and the mean survival time is usually <4 years once metastases have been identified. Ectopic ACTH Syndrome is, in up to 50% cases, caused by lung tumours including carcinoids or Small Cell Lung Carcinomas (SCLC). ...

Introduction: Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH) represents <2% of causes of Cushing’s Syndrome (CS). Clinical course is insidious, with adrenal bilateral macronodules and gradual cortisol excess, only rarely presenting with overt CS. The pathophysiology remains unclear, however, hyperactivation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, in 77-87% of cases through aberrantly expressed G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been described. Despite being a benig...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by parathyroid hormone (PTH) overproduction, causing hypercalcemia. The most common cause is a parathyroid adenoma. PHPT most frequently presents as asymptomatic hypercalcemia or with nonspecific symptoms. Less frequently, it presents with the classical manifestations of bone disease and nephrolithiasis. Acute pancreatitis (AP) as the initial manifestation of PHPT has been reported rarely. Hypercalcemia can caus...

Introduction: Primary thyroid lymphomas (PTL) account for 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Treatment and prognosis depend on tumor subtype. Contrasting with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), that have an aggressive clinical course and higher maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), thyroid extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) usually show an indolen...

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease for which causal mechanisms are incompletely understood and subclassification may improve patient management. In the latest assessment of patients with adult-onset diabetes, Ahlqvist and colleagues (2018) defined five new subgroups: an autoimmune form, two severe forms (insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes) and two mild forms (obesity and age-related diabetes).Objectives:...

Introduction: Ultrasound guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (USFNA) of Thyroid is the gold standard for diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Nowadays, many patients are under anticoagulation and antiplatelet medication. Some of the rare complications of USFNA are haemorrhage therefore it’s not clear if performing thyroid USFNA in hypo-coagulated patients increase that risk of complications or if this medication should be stopped before the procedure. Additionally the influence that t...

Introduction: Prediabetes is a very prevalent disease. About 27.4% of Portuguese adults suffer from this condition. Prediabetes is defined as intermediate hyperglycemia state associated with the simultaneous presence of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction as diabetes, with increased risk of developing macro and microvascular complications. Approximately 7% of individuals with prediabetes will progress to diabetes per year. This study aims to characterize a populatio...

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and values above 1000 mg/dl are a risk factor for pancreatitis, including non-fasting measurements. The American Heart Association suggested that providers could use nonfasting triglycerides >200 mg/dl to identify hyperTG states. When an elevated result is observed, a fasting triglyceride measure may be reassessed, with exception for extreme levels (for example approximately 1000 m...

Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) candidates display several nutritional deficiencies that can aggravate after surgery. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors with several disturbed metabolic pathways. Therefore, individuals with MS submitted to BS are probably more prone to nutritional deficiencies.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies and eventual differences between BS candidates with and wit...

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has effective results on weight loss, which should result from fat mass loss and efforts should be made to preserve lean mass. Few studies have evaluated body composition (BC) changes after SG for periods >2 years.Objective: To investigate the impact of SG on weight and BC, comparing by gender.Materials and methods: Retrospectively, databases of patients who underwent SG between 2011 and 2013...